New England And Chesapeake Colonies Essays - Thirteen Colonies

New England And Chesapeake Colonies Early English states in America scarcely took after the association of people that would later battle against England and manufacture another nation. Truth be told, until the mid-eighteenth century, most English homesteaders had practically nothing, in the event that anything to do with the pilgrims in neighboring states. They heard updates on Indian wars and other significant occasions, not from the settlement itself, yet from England. The provinces in the New World showed up totally extraordinary and the possibility of any solidarity between them appeared to be outlandish. The states in New England and the Chesapeake epitomize the numerous distinctions in the way of life and ways of life of the pilgrims, made fundamentally in light of the way that their establishing fathers had held separate aims when they went to the New World. The New England and Chesapeake provinces were both settled by migrants from England, the New England states being established by the English from East Anglia, a territory in eastern England. In spite of the fact that this was a region flourishing with unassuming communities that they had commonly loved, they chose to escape England because of strict oppression. Several families, men, ladies and their kids, came looking for a New World where they could rehearse their convictions unreservedly. They established provinces, for example, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island as model Christian social orders. Their urban areas upon the slopes were guides, the lights, for those lost in the dimness of humankind, as John Winthrop implied by his renowned explanation. They framed a general public of exacting strict investment, in reality especially taking after their country. Before all else, many called themselves Puritans, and kept things straightforward and plain, focusi ng on what was critical to them. They utilized the network to accomplish their objectives, assembling new towns and getting a charge out of the social part of their religion. Simultaneously, they were resolved to stay endeavoring to keep their locale beneficial. They accepted the inactive hands were the demons workshops. An issue that truly characterized a split between the social orders was the subjection struggle. The northerners in New England maintained their conviction that each man will be equivalent and nobody ought to be oppressed, while the southerners in the Chesapeake region firmly had faith in the utilization of subjugation. Simultaneously the New Englanders attempted to help end subjection by lecturing others about the treacheries, they worked determinedly to make instruction in their general public solid. The vast majority in the towns were proficient so they could peruse their Bibles and study them in detail with their loved ones. A few homesteaders were craftsmans or traders. Others were unassuming community ranchers, ensuring that each individual from the network had a sensible portion of Gods land. The northern states were prestigious for being wealthy in hides, wood and fish. They were particularly noted for forming into an effective exchanging locale. The New England settlements m ade up the white collar class society whose central focuses were family, training and religion. The general public remained non-free enterprise, yet still hummed with much action. Then again, the Chesapeake district had a money crop get rich rapidly mindset. This privileged district comprised of Virginia and Maryland, two provinces that appeared to be exceedingly materialistic. Clearly, their lives depended more on their fluid resources than on God or family. The Englanders who saw the chance to exploit the prevalence of a fresh out of the plastic new harvest they had found settled the Chesapeake territory. These gold diggers were for the most part privileged men of well off families seeking towards going to the New World to make a huge benefit for themselves. These pioneers were not escaping England looking for strict or social opportunity, yet plainly just to add more riches to their names. Tobacco before long turned into the essential yield seen developing on pretty much all of these rich mens estates, which made huge measures of cash to add to their fortunes. Obviously pretty much every ranch had African slaves chipping away at the land. These titanic bequ ests came to rely upon their captives to run their homesteads and servitude turned into a typical, yet dreaded, lifestyle for some Africans. Tragically for these Chesapeake settlements, because of damp land in a significant part of the zone, towns were

Hypothesis Testing Essay Free Essays

The aim of theory testing is to let a man to take between two unique theories refering to the estimation of a populace parametric amount. Learning crew C has directed a theory preliminary environing the entirety of clasp spent on prep by guys and females. furthermore, will go to if there is a correlativity between the factors. We will compose a custom paper test on Speculation Testing Essay or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Also. larning crew C will discover if there is a positive or negative correlativity. also, how solid that correlativity is between the two factors. Generally. measurements can be extremely driven and we will parcel the absolute most mysterious develops experienced in Quantitative Analysis for Business in this way far. At the point when convey oning a theory preliminary. it is basic that a void speculation is distinguished. The void speculation is the theory that is thought to be genuine except if there is adequate bounty grounds to turn out that it is bogus ( McClave. 2011 ) . The void speculation for this analysis: Is the normal aggregate of clasp spent on prep by females equivalent to the entirety of clasp spent on prep by guys? The determined criticalness degree is. 05. which implies that there is a five for each centum opportunity that we will dismiss the void speculation. in any event, when it is valid. The action informations set gave were eight informations focuses to grown-up females and six informations focuses for work powers. On account of the little example size. we have led a t-test for this examination. The evaluations of opportunity equivalent 12. which we relegate a basic estimation of 2. 179 from a t-table. In the event that the preliminary measurement ( t-measurement ) is not exactly - 2. 179. or on the other hand more noteworthy than 2. 179 we will dismiss the void speculation for the alternative. The t-measurement for the clasp spent on prep by work powers and grown-up females is †. 4899. This consider does non fall along with the dismissal part. so we neglect to dismiss the void speculation. As it were. the normal total of clasp spent on prep by work powers and grown-up females are equivalent with a 95 for every centum confirmation degree. We have other than decided the correlativity coefficient. The correlativity coefficient ( signified by the letter R ) is the progression of the evaluation of added substance connection between two factors ( Webster. edu. n. d. ) . The correlativity coeffi cient can be any an incentive between negative one and one. In the event that the correlativity coefficient mark is negative. it implies that as one variable reductions the other variable increments. The inverse is valid for a positive correlativity coefficient. on the off chance that the estimation of one variable expands the other variable lessenings. It is of import to see that correlativity does non needfully expect causing ; we can non assume a correct choice dependent on correlativity totally. For this analysis. the correlativity between work powers and grown-up females was 0. 346102651. At the point when informations with estimations of R are near zero. they demonstrate little to no straight-line relationship ( Taylor. 2015 ) . Despite the fact that the correlativity for this investigation was certain. it is non a solid correlativity. The closer the estimation of R to zero organizations that there is a more prominent change around the line of best fit of rage ( Laerd Statistics. 2015 ) . Statisticss can be a truly running point. what's more, there have been a few develops that have demonstrated to be hard for every individual from larning crew C. Numerous crew individuals battle with the best possible selection of articulations in Microsoft Excel. while others battle to supplant esteems into the numerous conditions engaged with measurements. There are other than army images to recover. what's more, conventionally place while computing a condition. From a reasonable perspective. chance is extreme liable to hang on. The build itself appears to be unintuitive. what's more, is difficult to comprehend an impalpable develop that depends on mystery and the best open door that a man needs to see some occasion is irregular ( chance ) . At the point when you take that build and try to do it touchable by seting it into a condition. things get rather frustrating. Speculation demonstrating can be acceptable when a man is looking for make up one’s brain on what theory to take refering to the estimation of a populace parametric amount. At the point when make up one’s disapproving to carry on speculation demonstrating it is of import to go through the five stairss of the theory demonstrating process that include: making premises. saying the nothing and substitute theory. finding the correct preliminary measurement and attempting dissemination. ascertaining the preliminary outcomes. what's more, interpreting the assurance ( Bosto n University. n. d. ) . Deciphering the assurance can incorporate contrasting the organizations for every one of the gatherings can give a superior anxiety of where each gathering falls as a standard. Deciphering the assurance other than incorporates discovering whether there is a correlativity between the two factors and discovering whether the correlativity is sure or negative. For this analysis. the end was to discover if there was a significant contrast for cut spent creation prep by guys and females. Speculation testing is utilized to discover if there is sufficient measurable grounds to back up a specific conviction about a parametric amount. MentionsBoston University. ( n. d. ) . The 5 stairss in speculation testing. Recovered from Boston University. site. Laerd Statistics. ( 2015 ) . Pearson-item minute correlativity. Recovered from hypertext move convention:/measurements. laerd. com/factual aides/pearson-connection coefficient-measurable guide. php McClave. J. T. ( 2011 ) . Insights for concern and monetary sciences ( eleventh ed. ) . Boston. Mama: Pearson Education. Taylor. C. ( 2015 ) . Step by step instructions to figure the correlativity coefficient. Recovered from hypertext move convention:/measurements. about. com/od/Descriptive-Statistics/a/How-To-Calculate-The-Correlation-Coefficient. htm Webster. edu. ( n. d. ) . Connection. Recovered from hypertext move convention:/www2. Webster. edu/~woolflm/connection/relationship. hypertext markup language Step by step instructions to refer to Hypothesis Testing Essay, Essay models

The Story Of @MITStudents

The Story Of @MITStudents Our office is not on Twitter (although our bot is), but 89 other offices at MIT are. Among them is @MITStudents, an account maintained by Kellen Manning, Communications Coordinator for MITs Division of Student Life  (he also oversees their Instagram and tumblr). Kellen and I are usually at the gym at the same time, and the other day we were talking about @MITStudents, which I myself follow and often interact with. He offered to send me an explanation of what DSL is trying to do with it (and, for that matter, what DSL is), which I wanted to post here. What do you know about the Division of Student Life (DSL) at MIT? Essentially DSL promotes the idea that learning doesn’t just happen in the classroom. Learning happens through making connections, exploring opportunities, and discovering who you are. That’s all well and good, but you are probably still wondering, “What is DSL?” Well, we are comprised of numerous departments and special programs meant to support and enhance students’ lives outside of the classroom. These include the Department of Athletics, Physical Education, and Recreation (DAPER), Religious Life, Residential Life and Dining, Student Activities, Campus Activities Complex, the Hobby Shop, the Public Service Center, Student Development, and Student Outreach and Support. Through their activities, DSL offers students and the MIT community many opportunities to learn about and experience a multitude of things. To complement their work, we want to start highlighting the experiences that you create. So we rethought our social media efforts and decided to focus more on you! Through our social media accounts we want to hear about and highlight events that you are excited about. We want to know about your projects. We want to help our growing base of followers experience MIT through your eyes. To put it simply, we want MIT students to help us communicate what life is like for MIT students: the good, the bad, and the meh. We also plan on following your experience a lot like we did during commencement last year when we followed Andrea Nickerson ’14 through her last month as an MIT student. We also are following a crop of incoming freshmen this summer. Whether students were part of dance performances, enjoying a concert, or just slack lining in North Court, if we see it we pushed it out. So feel free to tweet at us, email us pictures and captions, link us to videos and tag us in Instagram photos. If you have questions that you want to ask the community, send them to us or tweet at us and we’ll push them back out to the best of our ability. If your student group is hosting an event or performance, or you’re recruiting new members, please let us know. Basically we want to highlight your journeys, interests, and causes. We hope to hear from you!

Influenced By Konrad Lorenz s Theory Of Attachment

Influenced by Konrad Lorenz s (1935) study of imprinting, which indicated that attachment (in goslings) was innate and possessed survival value (Mcleod, 2009), John Bowlby, formulated his ethological theory of attachment, based on the idea that humans are born with an attachment control system, designed to mature through early development, in order to promote attachments with care givers permitting survival of the infant. (Worthman et. al, 2010, p111) His stages of attachment begin with the pre-attachment phase, as the child non-discriminatingly socially responds to all caregivers. This develops later into an attachment in-the-making phase, as the child begins to limit their responses to only familiar people. Thirdly the clear-cut attachment phase, where the child attachment towards a specific individual becomes evident and the baby displays separation anxiety . Finally, the goal-corrected partnership phase, where the child learns the care-giver has their own needs and desires, and can take these into consideration (Worthman et al, 2010, p111). Bowlby (1951) later claimed, in this theory of Monotropy, that the critical period for forming attachments is before the child is 2 years old, and that there is an innate tendency to become particularly attached to only one principle attachment figure - usually the mother. Other attachment figures were subsidiary attachments and did not have the same impact on the child s development (Prior, 2006, p63).Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Early Family Relationships On Personality Development1629 Words   |  7 PagesMary Ainsworth and John Bowlby were the founders of attachment theory. Ainsworth and Bowlby had similar thought processes before they working with one another. After college, Bowlby was a volunteer at a school for children who were maladjusted. While working with two children, they helped him decide what course of work he wanted to work in (Bretherton U Wisconsin, Madison, US, Sep, 1992). Bretherton states the cases Bowlby saw that determined his career path: One was a very isolated, remote,Read MoreAttachment, The Key Factor That Promote The Attachment Essay2047 Words   |  9 Pagesdefinition of attachment, the key factor that promote the attachment and discuss the theory of attachment, including deprivation and privation. Attachment is an emotional and affectional tie or bonds that one person or animal forms between himself and another specific one. Children`s attachment is mostly based on the children`s sensitivity and understanding of the mother`s honesty in providing comfort, support and security. In addition, behaviours of the child that build up attachment and give theRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Work of Harry Harlow and Mary Anisworth on Understanding Attachment1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on understanding attachment ‘Attachment’ is a lasting secure and positive feeling that bonds one person to another, one of the strongest forms of attachment is thought to develop between a mother and child. Many psychologist, sociologist, physicians and psychoanalysts have sought to explore the fundamental nature of attachment and how it had evolved. Within this essay I shall examine †¢ The origins of attachment †¢ Psychologist who seek to measure it †¢ The methodologyRead MoreAttachment Is The Emotional Bond Created By A Child With Their Primary Caregiver1568 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment is the emotional bond created by a child with their primary caregiver, which is normally the mother. An example of attachment would be if the mother left the baby, and the baby cries from her absence. The connection normally begins when the child is around six months of age. It’s key for infants to develop. Babies aren’t comfortable away from their mothers. It varies around the world, but it is still very important no matter where the infant is from. It is mainly studied. (Child AdolescentRead MoreThe Study of the Attachment by Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth2075 Words   |  9 PagesThe study of the Attachment by Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth The word love brings us many meanings. But how do we learn to love? Is it something that we born with, like kind of pre-programmed behaviour or is it a something that we learn during our development? Do we bound to others because of something that we receive on exchange or the constant proximity forms the bound? The comprehension of what defines emotional attachments or the emotional bounding to others, either in humans or otherRead MoreAttachment Theory And Its Effect On Social Work2045 Words   |  9 Pagespiece of work, is to describe and evaluate attachment theory and its value, it can have in the social work profession .One way I will do this is by finding a socially accepted definition of attachment theory and the academic s who have defined the process and its effect within social work. Firstly we need to know what exactly what attachment theory actually is. I belief this can be described as being a set of theories derived from academic s who feel attachment has a psychological normality for searchingRead MoreModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Bowlbys original theory of attachment was concerned with the bonding relationship that develops between an infant and his primary caregiver. He believed the process of bonding to have a biological basis as the genes of those infants who successfully sought the protection of a caregiver (from predators and other dangers) will have survived and been passed on. Bowlby also formulated the Maternal Deprivation hypothesis (1953)Read MoreAttachment Theories: Are Early Attachments Really Necessary?2421 Words   |  10 PagesAttachment theory concerns the psychological, evolutionary and ethological ideas that help us understand relationships between people. Theorists believe that a child has a need to form attachments with an adult care giver to ensure adequate growth and social and emotional development. This ‘bond’ has to be maintained by the care giver and mostly uninterrupted to ensure a child grows into a happy and confident, adapted adult. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory has heavily influenced research into attachmentRead MoreLife and Work of John Bowlby2584 Words   |  11 Pagesupper-middle-class family. He was the fourth of six children and was brought up by a nanny in the British fashion of his class at that time. His father, Sir Anthony Bowlby, first Baronet, was surgeon to the King s Household, with a tragic history: at age five, Sir Anthony s own father (John s grandfather) was killed while serving as a war correspondent in the Opium Wars. Normally, Bowlby saw his mother only one hour a day after teatime, though during the summer she was more available. Like many otherRead MoreNothing Yet4104 Words   |  17 Pages Date: _____________ 1. Young children typically try to stay very close to their parents when they are in an unfamiliar setting. This best illustrates the adaptive value of: A) habituation. B) conservation. C) the rooting reflex. D) attachment. E) egocentrism. 2. The branch of psychology that systematically focuses on the physical, mental, and social changes that occur throughout the life cycle is called: A) clinical psychology. B) social psychology. C) personality psychology

Postal Age - 1081 Words

Book Review: The Postal Age Henkin, David M., The Postal Age. Chicago: Chicago Press, 2006. â€Å"Many of us may not realize that what we now call snail mail was once just as revolutionary as e-mail and text messages are today.† Today’s generation may not be quite aware of the long journey Americans have traveled from the Postal Age up to what we now call the Information Age. As an examination of the rise of the American postal system in the middle decades of the 19th century, David M Henkin’s, The Postal Age offers up a fascinating blend of intellectual and thematic history. In his book, Henkin highlights new practices and new expectations as ordinary Americans swiftly turned something novel into something normal-into habit, into culture.†¦show more content†¦Due to its lower cost compared to letters, senders would mail newspapers with disguise through concealments. By making certain marks or drawing pictures in the margins they would convey basic information, as their form of coding. Once the postal bureaucracy became aware of this practice, Congress passed a postal price reduction in 1845 that cut the price of letters. Thankfully, Henkin skimmed through much of the political legislation or campaigns behind critical postal reforms. Personally I did not care enough to want to know about the intricate background history of every postal age milestone. I am convinced that a plethora of those references would derail the books flow and progress. Henkin also discusses the growing transitory movements during the middle of the century, and in particular how letters and familial correspondence played a role in morally anchoring men. When one was away from home, letters from loved ones had the power to secure, support and protect them from sin and harm. It was a channel by which one would be remembered of the responsibilities, obligations, and duties they left behind. 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As time and society evolved, religiousRead MoreLaws Affecting The Agency Of The United States Postal Service1485 Words   |  6 PagesLaws Affecting The Agency When it comes to The United States Postal Service, I did not think they would have many court cases, especially dealing with diversity and mistreatment in the workplace. During my research, however, I was proven wrong. The Postal Service has had quite a few court cases, while many of them relate to ethical and discriminatory issues. Individuals have felt that the Postal Service sometimes judge applicants or workers by their lifestyle or ethnicity. This in turn shows badRead MoreHuman Capital Management – Hrm 5311064 Words   |  5 Pages Labor Laws and Unions Michelle Mackey Human Capital Management – HRM 531 02/12/2012 Instructor: Bob Hanks Labor Laws and Unions Abstract My family has an extensive history in the U.S. Postal Service therefore the appeal of the American Postal Workers Union, AFL-CIO was irresistible. 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Even in the age of Facebook and email, it is likely that you have held a piece of mail and most likely, the way it got from point A (the person sending the mail) to point B (the person receiving the mail) was through the United States Postal Service, or the USPS. In the past decade, the postal service has experienced a decreased volume in their letter mail. In fact, for the postal service, the volume of this letter mail has been falling at a rateRead MoreThe Postal Service ( Usps )1433 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States Postal Service (USPS). The USPS continues to struggle financially and has not shown a profit since the year of 2007. Congress continues to place pressure to privatize the postal service and to run like any other organization. Unlike other for profit organizations and businesses the USPS receives benefits from Congress such as bailouts when they cannot meet payroll, and are exempt for payi ng federal and state taxes. 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Walmart Security Issues Free Essays

string(61) " finding a needle in the haystack, they are making more hay\." Review our  cookies information  for more details Special report:  Managing information A different game Information is transforming traditional businesses Feb 25th 2010 | from the print edition * * IN 1879 James Ritty, a saloon-keeper in Dayton, Ohio, received a patent for a wooden contraption that he dubbed the â€Å"incorruptible cashier†. With a set of buttons and a loud bell, the device, sold by National Cash Register (NCR), was little more than a simple adding machine. Yet as an early form of managing information flows in American business the cash register had a huge impact. We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart Security Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now It not only reduced pilferage by alerting the shopkeeper when the till was opened; by recording every transaction, it also provided an instant overview of what was happening in the business. Sales data remain one of a company’s most important assets. In 2004 Wal-Mart peered into its mammoth databases and noticed that before a hurricane struck, there was a run on flashlights and batteries, as might be expected; but also on Pop-Tarts, a sugary American breakfast snack. On reflection it is clear that the snack would be a handy thing to eat in a blackout, but the retailer would not have thought to stock up on it before a storm. The company whose system crunched Wal-Mart’s numbers was none other than NCR and its data-warehousing unit, Teradata, now an independent firm. A few years ago such technologies, called â€Å"business intelligence†, were available only to the world’s biggest companies. But as the price of computing and storage has fallen and the software systems have got better and cheaper, the technology has moved into the mainstream. Companies are collecting more data than ever before. In the past they were kept in different systems that were unable to talk to each other, such as finance, human resources or customer management. Now the systems are being linked, and companies are using data-mining techniques to get a complete picture of their operations—â€Å"a single version of the truth†, as the industry likes to call it. That allows firms to operate more efficiently, pick out trends and improve their forecasting. In this special report * Data, data everywhere * All too much *  »A different game * Clicking for gold * The open society * Show me * Needle in a haystack * New rules for big data * Handling the cornucopia Sources acknowledgementsReprints Related topics * China * Nestle * IBM * Royal Shakespeare Company * Walmart Consider Cablecom, a Swiss telecoms operator. It has reduced customer defections from one-fifth of subscribers a year to under 5% by crunching its numbers. Its software spotted that although customer defections peaked in the 13th month, the decision to leave was made much earlier, around the ninth month (as indicated by things like the number of calls to customer support services). So Cablecom offered certain customers special deals seven months into their subscription and reaped the rewards. Agony and torture Such data-mining has a dubious reputation. â€Å"Torture the data long enough and they will confess to anything,† statisticians quip. But it has become far more effective as more companies have started to use the technology. Best Buy, a retailer, found that 7% of its customers accounted for 43% of its sales, so it reorganised its stores to concentrate on those customers’ needs. Airline yield management improved because analytical techniques uncovered the best predictor that a passenger would actually catch a flight he had booked: that he had ordered a vegetarian meal. The IT industry is piling into business intelligence, seeing it as a natural successor of services such as accountancy and computing in the first and second half of the 20th century respectively. Accenture, PricewaterhouseCoopers, IBM and SAP are investing heavily in their consulting practices. Technology vendors such as Oracle, Informatica, TIBCO, SAS and EMC have benefited. IBM believes business intelligence will be a pillar of its growth as sensors are used to manage things from a city’s traffic flow to a patient’s blood flow. It has invested $12 billion in the past four years and is opening six analytics centres with 4,000 employees worldwide. Analytics—performing statistical operations for forecasting or uncovering correlations such as between Pop-Tarts and hurricanes—can have a big pay-off. In Britain the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) sifted through seven years of sales data for a marketing campaign that increased regular visitors by 70%. By examining more than 2m transaction records, the RSC discovered a lot more about its best customers: not just income, but things like occupation and family status, which allowed it to target its marketing more precisely. That was of crucial importance, says the RSC’s Mary Butlin, because it substantially boosted membership as well as fund-raising revenue. Yet making the most of data is not easy. The first step is to improve the accuracy of the information. Nestle, for example, sells more than 100,000 products in 200 countries, using 550,000 suppliers, but it was not using its huge buying power effectively because its databases were a mess. On examination, it found that of its 9m records of vendors, customers and materials around half were obsolete or duplicated, and of the remainder about one-third were inaccurate or incomplete. The name of a vendor might be abbreviated in one record but spelled out in another, leading to double-counting. Plainer vanilla Over the past ten years Nestle has been overhauling its IT system, using SAP software, and improving the quality of its data. This enabled the firm to become more efficient, says Chris Johnson, who led the initiative. For just one ingredient, vanilla, its American operation was able to reduce the number of specifications and use fewer suppliers, saving $30m a year. Overall, such operational improvements save more than $1 billion annually. Nestle is not alone in having problems with its database. Most CIOs admit that their data are of poor quality. In a study by IBM half the managers quizzed did not trust the information on which they had to base decisions. Many say that the technology meant to make sense of it often just produces more data. Instead of finding a needle in the haystack, they are making more hay. You read "Walmart Security Issues" in category "Essay examples" Still, as analytical techniques become more widespread, business decisions will increasingly be made, or at least corroborated, on the basis of computer algorithms rather than individual hunches. This creates a need for managers who are comfortable with data, but statistics courses in business schools are not popular. Many new business insights come from â€Å"dead data†: stored information about past transactions that are examined to reveal hidden correlations. But now companies are increasingly moving to analysing real-time information flows. Wal-Mart is a good example. The retailer operates 8,400 stores worldwide, has more than 2m employees and handles over 200m customer transactions each week. Its revenue last year, around $400 billion, is more than the GDP of many entire countries. The sheer scale of the data is a challenge, admits Rollin Ford, the CIO at Wal-Mart’s headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas. â€Å"We keep a healthy paranoia. † Not a sparrow falls Wal-Mart’s inventory-management system, called Retail Link, enables suppliers to see the exact number of their products on every shelf of every store at that precise moment. The system shows the rate of sales by the hour, by the day, over the past year and more. Begun in the 1990s, Retail Link gives suppliers a complete overview of when and how their products are selling, and with what other products in the shopping cart. This lets suppliers manage their stocks better. The technology enabled Wal-Mart to change the business model of retailing. In some cases it leaves stock management in the hands of its suppliers and does not take ownership of the products until the moment they are sold. This allows it to shed inventory risk and reduce its costs. In essence, the shelves in its shops are a highly efficiently managed depot. Another company that capitalises on real-time information flows is Li Fung, one of the world’s biggest supply-chain operators. Founded in Guangzhou in southern China a century ago, it does not own any factories or equipment but orchestrates a network of 12,000 suppliers in 40 countries, sourcing goods for brands ranging from Kate Spade to Walt Disney. Its turnover in 2008 was $14 billion. Li ; Fung used to deal with its clients mostly by phone and fax, with e-mail counting as high technology. But thanks to a new web-services platform, its processes have speeded up. Orders flow through a web portal and bids can be solicited from pre-qualified suppliers. Agents now audit factories in real time with hand-held computers. Clients are able to monitor the details of every stage of an order, from the initial production run to shipping. One of the most important technologies has turned out to be videoconferencing. It allows buyers and manufacturers to examine the colour of a material or the stitching on a garment. â€Å"Before, we weren’t able to send a 500MB image—we’d post a DVD. Now we can stream it to show vendors in our offices. With real-time images we can make changes quicker,† says Manuel Fernandez, Li ; Fung’s chief technology officer. Data flowing through its network soared from 100 gigabytes a day only 18 months ago to 1 terabyte. The information system also allows Li Fung to look across its operations to identify trends. In southern China, for instance, a shortage of workers and new legislation raised labour costs, so production moved north. â€Å"We saw that before it actually happened,† says Mr Fernandez. The company also got advance warning of the economic crisis, and later the recovery, from retailers’ orders before these trends became apparent. Investment analysts use country information provided by Li ; Fung to gain insights into macroeconomic patterns. Now that they are able to process information flows in real time, organisations are collecting more data than ever. One use for such information is to forecast when machines will break down. This hardly ever happens out of the blue: there are usually warning signs such as noise, vibration or heat. Capturing such data enables firms to act before a breakdown. Similarly, the use of â€Å"predictive analytics† on the basis of large data sets may transform health care. Dr Carolyn McGregor of the University of Ontario, working with IBM, conducts research to spot potentially fatal infections in premature babies. The system monitors subtle changes in seven streams of real-time data, such as respiration, heart rate and blood pressure. The electrocardiogram alone generates 1,000 readings per second. This kind of information is turned out by all medical equipment, but it used to be recorded on paper and examined perhaps once an hour. By feeding the data into a computer, Dr McGregor has been able to detect the onset of an infection before obvious symptoms emerge. â€Å"You can’t see it with the naked eye, but a computer can,† she says. Open sesame Two technology trends are helping to fuel these new uses of data: cloud computing and open-source software. Cloud computing—in which the internet is used as a platform to collect, store and process data—allows businesses to lease computing power as and when they need it, rather than having to buy expensive equipment. Amazon, Google and Microsoft are the most prominent firms to make their massive computing infrastructure available to clients. As more corporate functions, such as human resources or sales, are managed over a network, companies can see patterns across the whole of the business and share their information more easily. A free programming language called R lets companies examine and present big data sets, and free software called Hadoop now allows ordinary PCs to analyse huge quantities of data that previously required a supercomputer. It does this by parcelling out the tasks to numerous computers at once. This saves time and money. For example, the  New York Times  a few years ago used cloud computing and Hadoop to convert over 400,000 scanned images from its archives, from 1851 to 1922. By harnessing the power of hundreds of computers, it was able to do the job in 36 hours. Visa, a credit-card company, in a recent trial with Hadoop crunched two years of test records, or 73 billion transactions, amounting to 36 terabytes of data. The processing time fell from one month with traditional methods to a mere 13 minutes. It is a striking successor of Ritty’s incorruptible cashier for a data-driven age. from the print edition | Special report Recommend 140 * * * Submit to reddit * inShare2 * View all comments (4) Related items TOPIC:  China  Ã‚ » * Recommended economics writing: Link exchange * Trade: Mexico rising * The Economist: Digital highlights, November 24th 2012 TOPIC:  Nestle  Ã‚ » * Consumer goods in Africa: A continent goes shopping * Schumpeter: Pretty profitable parrots * Nestle buys Pf izer Nutrition: Feeding little emperors TOPIC:  IBM  Ã‚ » * Schumpeter: Taking the long view * IBM’s mainframes: Old dog, new tricks * Phase-change memory: Altered states TOPIC:  Royal Shakespeare Company  Ã‚ » * William Shakespeare: A digital reinvention Culture: Going for gold * Green architecture: The retrofit revolution More related topics: * Walmart Want more? 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By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Review our  cookies information  for more details Special report:  Managing information A different game Information is transforming traditional businesses Feb 25th 2010 | from the print edition * * IN 1879 James Ritty, a saloon-keeper in Dayton, Ohio, received a patent for a wooden contraption that he dubbed the â€Å"incorruptible cashier†. With a set of buttons and a loud bell, the device, sold by National Cash Register (NCR), was little more than a simple adding machine. Yet as an early form of managing information flows in American business the cash register had a huge impact. It not only reduced pilferage by alerting the shopkeeper when the till was opened; by recording every transaction, it also provided an instant overview of what was happening in the business. Sales data remain one of a company’s most important assets. In 2004 Wal-Mart peered into its mammoth databases and noticed that before a hurricane struck, there was a run on flashlights and batteries, as might be expected; but also on Pop-Tarts, a sugary American breakfast snack. On reflection it is clear that the snack would be a handy thing to eat in a blackout, but the retailer would not have thought to stock up on it before a storm. The company whose system crunched Wal-Mart’s numbers was none other than NCR and its data-warehousing unit, Teradata, now an independent firm. A few years ago such technologies, called â€Å"business intelligence†, were available only to the world’s biggest companies. But as the price of computing and storage has fallen and the software systems have got better and cheaper, the technology has moved into the mainstream. Companies are collecting more data than ever before. In the past they were kept in different systems that were unable to talk to each other, such as finance, human resources or customer management. Now the systems are being linked, and companies are using data-mining techniques to get a complete picture of their operations—â€Å"a single version of the truth†, as the industry likes to call it. That allows firms to operate more efficiently, pick out trends and improve their forecasting. In this special report * Data, data everywhere * All too much *  »A different game * Clicking for gold * The open society * Show me * Needle in a haystack * New rules for big data * Handling the cornucopia Sources acknowledgementsReprints Related topics * China * Nestle * IBM * Royal Shakespeare Company * Walmart Consider Cablecom, a Swiss telecoms operator. It has reduced customer defections from one-fifth of subscribers a year to under 5% by crunching its numbers. Its software spotted that although customer defections peaked in the 13th month, the decision to leave was made much earlier, around the ninth month (as indicated by things like the number of calls to customer support services). So Cablecom offered certain customers special deals seven months into their subscription and reaped the rewards. Agony and torture Such data-mining has a dubious reputation. â€Å"Torture the data long enough and they will confess to anything,† statisticians quip. But it has become far more effective as more companies have started to use the technology. Best Buy, a retailer, found that 7% of its customers accounted for 43% of its sales, so it reorganised its stores to concentrate on those customers’ needs. Airline yield management improved because analytical techniques uncovered the best predictor that a passenger would actually catch a flight he had booked: that he had ordered a vegetarian meal. The IT industry is piling into business intelligence, seeing it as a natural successor of services such as accountancy and computing in the first and second half of the 20th century respectively. Accenture, PricewaterhouseCoopers, IBM and SAP are investing heavily in their consulting practices. Technology vendors such as Oracle, Informatica, TIBCO, SAS and EMC have benefited. IBM believes business intelligence will be a pillar of its growth as sensors are used to manage things from a city’s traffic flow to a patient’s blood flow. It has invested $12 billion in the past four years and is opening six analytics centres with 4,000 employees worldwide. Analytics—performing statistical operations for forecasting or uncovering correlations such as between Pop-Tarts and hurricanes—can have a big pay-off. In Britain the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) sifted through seven years of sales data for a marketing campaign that increased regular visitors by 70%. By examining more than 2m transaction records, the RSC discovered a lot more about its best customers: not just income, but things like occupation and family status, which allowed it to target its marketing more precisely. That was of crucial importance, says the RSC’s Mary Butlin, because it substantially boosted membership as well as fund-raising revenue. Yet making the most of data is not easy. The first step is to improve the accuracy of the information. Nestle, for example, sells more than 100,000 products in 200 countries, using 550,000 suppliers, but it was not using its huge buying power effectively because its databases were a mess. On examination, it found that of its 9m records of vendors, customers and materials around half were obsolete or duplicated, and of the remainder about one-third were inaccurate or incomplete. The name of a vendor might be abbreviated in one record but spelled out in another, leading to double-counting. Plainer vanilla Over the past ten years Nestle has been overhauling its IT system, using SAP software, and improving the quality of its data. This enabled the firm to become more efficient, says Chris Johnson, who led the initiative. For just one ingredient, vanilla, its American operation was able to reduce the number of specifications and use fewer suppliers, saving $30m a year. Overall, such operational improvements save more than $1 billion annually. Nestle is not alone in having problems with its database. Most CIOs admit that their data are of poor quality. In a study by IBM half the managers quizzed did not trust the information on which they had to base decisions. Many say that the technology meant to make sense of it often just produces more data. Instead of finding a needle in the haystack, they are making more hay. Still, as analytical techniques become more widespread, business decisions will increasingly be made, or at least corroborated, on the basis of computer algorithms rather than individual hunches. This creates a need for managers who are comfortable with data, but statistics courses in business schools are not popular. Many new business insights come from â€Å"dead data†: stored information about past transactions that are examined to reveal hidden correlations. But now companies are increasingly moving to analysing real-time information flows. Wal-Mart is a good example. The retailer operates 8,400 stores worldwide, has more than 2m employees and handles over 200m customer transactions each week. Its revenue last year, around $400 billion, is more than the GDP of many entire countries. The sheer scale of the data is a challenge, admits Rollin Ford, the CIO at Wal-Mart’s headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas. â€Å"We keep a healthy paranoia. † Not a sparrow falls Wal-Mart’s inventory-management system, called Retail Link, enables suppliers to see the exact number of their products on every shelf of every store at that precise moment. The system shows the rate of sales by the hour, by the day, over the past year and more. Begun in the 1990s, Retail Link gives suppliers a complete overview of when and how their products are selling, and with what other products in the shopping cart. This lets suppliers manage their stocks better. The technology enabled Wal-Mart to change the business model of retailing. In some cases it leaves stock management in the hands of its suppliers and does not take ownership of the products until the moment they are sold. This allows it to shed inventory risk and reduce its costs. In essence, the shelves in its shops are a highly efficiently managed depot. Another company that capitalises on real-time information flows is Li Fung, one of the world’s biggest supply-chain operators. Founded in Guangzhou in southern China a century ago, it does not own any factories or equipment but orchestrates a network of 12,000 suppliers in 40 countries, sourcing goods for brands ranging from Kate Spade to Walt Disney. Its turnover in 2008 was $14 billion. Li ; Fung used to deal with its clients mostly by phone and fax, with e-mail counting as high technology. But thanks to a new web-services platform, its processes have speeded up. Orders flow through a web portal and bids can be solicited from pre-qualified suppliers. Agents now audit factories in real time with hand-held computers. Clients are able to monitor the details of every stage of an order, from the initial production run to shipping. One of the most important technologies has turned out to be videoconferencing. It allows buyers and manufacturers to examine the colour of a material or the stitching on a garment. â€Å"Before, we weren’t able to send a 500MB image—we’d post a DVD. Now we can stream it to show vendors in our offices. With real-time images we can make changes quicker,† says Manuel Fernandez, Li ; Fung’s chief technology officer. Data flowing through its network soared from 100 gigabytes a day only 18 months ago to 1 terabyte. The information system also allows Li Fung to look across its operations to identify trends. In southern China, for instance, a shortage of workers and new legislation raised labour costs, so production moved north. â€Å"We saw that before it actually happened,† says Mr Fernandez. The company also got advance warning of the economic crisis, and later the recovery, from retailers’ orders before these trends became apparent. Investment analysts use country information provided by Li ; Fung to gain insights into macroeconomic patterns. Now that they are able to process information flows in real time, organisations are collecting more data than ever. One use for such information is to forecast when machines will break down. This hardly ever happens out of the blue: there are usually warning signs such as noise, vibration or heat. Capturing such data enables firms to act before a breakdown. Similarly, the use of â€Å"predictive analytics† on the basis of large data sets may transform health care. Dr Carolyn McGregor of the University of Ontario, working with IBM, conducts research to spot potentially fatal infections in premature babies. The system monitors subtle changes in seven streams of real-time data, such as respiration, heart rate and blood pressure. The electrocardiogram alone generates 1,000 readings per second. This kind of information is turned out by all medical equipment, but it used to be recorded on paper and examined perhaps once an hour. By feeding the data into a computer, Dr McGregor has been able to detect the onset of an infection before obvious symptoms emerge. â€Å"You can’t see it with the naked eye, but a computer can,† she says. Open sesame Two technology trends are helping to fuel these new uses of data: cloud computing and open-source software. Cloud computing—in which the internet is used as a platform to collect, store and process data—allows businesses to lease computing power as and when they need it, rather than having to buy expensive equipment. Amazon, Google and Microsoft are the most prominent firms to make their massive computing infrastructure available to clients. As more corporate functions, such as human resources or sales, are managed over a network, companies can see patterns across the whole of the business and share their information more easily. A free programming language called R lets companies examine and present big data sets, and free software called Hadoop now allows ordinary PCs to analyse huge quantities of data that previously required a supercomputer. It does this by parcelling out the tasks to numerous computers at once. This saves time and money. For example, the  New York Times  a few years ago used cloud computing and Hadoop to convert over 400,000 scanned images from its archives, from 1851 to 1922. By harnessing the power of hundreds of computers, it was able to do the job in 36 hours. Visa, a credit-card company, in a recent trial with Hadoop crunched two years of test records, or 73 billion transactions, amounting to 36 terabytes of data. The processing time fell from one month with traditional methods to a mere 13 minutes. It is a striking successor of Ritty’s incorruptible cashier for a data-driven age. rom the print edition | Special report * Recommend 140 * * * Submit to reddit * inShare2 * View all comments (4) Related items TOPIC:  China  Ã‚ » * Recommended economics writing: Link exchange * Trade: Mexico rising * The Economist: Digital highlights, November 24th 2012 TOPIC:  Nestle  Ã‚ » * Consumer goods in Africa: A continent goes shopping * Schumpeter: Pretty profita ble parrots * Nestle buys Pfizer Nutrition: Feeding little emperors TOPIC:  IBM  Ã‚ » * Schumpeter: Taking the long view * IBM’s mainframes: Old dog, new tricks * Phase-change memory: Altered states TOPIC:  Royal Shakespeare Company  Ã‚ » William Shakespeare: A digital reinvention * Culture: Going for gold * Green architecture: The retrofit revolution More related topics: * Walmart Want more? 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Colombian Art Essay Example For Students

Colombian Art Essay It was not until the 1950s that Colombian artist showed their artwork to the nation and their skill behind it. Colombian artist began to rise like Alejandro Obregon, Enrique Grau, Edgar Negret and Eduardo Ramirez Villamizar- began to take new direction in the Colombian art world and also had a major influence on it too. The delay of Colombian art can be explained by the regions complex geography. Mountain barriers have said to separate the human settlement from others. Even after the independence from Spain in 1819, art didnt have a major influence on Colombian lifestyle. Then in the 1920s is when several outstanding sculptors, notably Marco Tobon Mejia and Jose Horacio Betancur. Influenced by Mexican art, this group of several sculptors from the city of Medellin created the second greatest mural movement in the Americas. From this the Colombian art world was introduced to new ideas and techniques. Prior to World War II, Colombia was at its climax with the strongest democratic traditions in Latin America. But in the early 1940s social problems developed and created a loss of interest in Colombian art style, which directed many Colombian artists to study foreign artworks. This lead Colombian artist to show different styles of art like in 1944, the influence of Post-Impressionist and of the French academic style came to Colombian. Also another group of Colombians divided off to study the Olaya 2 techniques of Mexican muralist, a style that is shown in many pieces done at this point in time. In the 1950s Colombian art changed directions and finally Colombian artist got interested on new viewpoint on Western and native elements of art. All these influences in Colombian art, which concludes to the adoption of the aesthetic principles of 20th century art. Until the mid century, Colombian painting and sculptures showed a wide range of figurative styles, but very little use of abstraction. While some artworks were very modern, a few of them were relatively simple compared with the art in Europe and the U. S. Many artist combined European tendencies such as cubism and geometric abstraction, for an example, artist Carlos Correa in the artwork Still Life in Silence. This piece shows the influence of cubism and geometric abstraction. This Colombian style is still in the Colombian art world today. The artist Pedro Nel Gomez, major influence on the art world which practiced drawing, oil painting, fresco, watercolors, sculptor in wood and stone, and bronze casting. Gomez in Self-Portrait in a Hat, shows his common style with works of Gauguin and Van Gogh. Gomez was one of those artist that influenced a major part of the Colombian art world. Another one is Alejandro Obregon, he was above all the other painters. In the piece called Still Life in Yellow, Obregon shows his personal style was fully developed, and was very familiar with the formal elements in the art world. His art pieces are usually divided into two and have different size or value but equal in visual power. Color plays a major role in his structures of his unique design, first in geometric forms and then in controlled expressionism. In Obregon artwork, he shows a common style of Picasso, as well as Englishman Graham Sutherland. One successful painter named Igancio Gomez Jaramillo, could be called a modernist by todays standards. In his work Portrait of the Greiff Brothers and Nude shows his love for the native land and the Colombian themes. Jaramillo achieved high aesthetic standards in the art world. This paper has a major influence on me because it gives me more knowledge on the art works in my ethnic background. It shows me how my culture went from living in a complex geography to adapting and catching up to the art world today. Now I can look at a Colombian work of art and understand the background of it and where it is coming from. .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 , .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 .postImageUrl , .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 , .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398:hover , .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398:visited , .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398:active { border:0!important; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398:active , .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398 .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1563a1762bf56ee9cb4405e358b3398:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Female Musicians and Sound Art EssayI think artwork that come out of Colombia has a major influence on people because of the lack in there art world and how Colombia just adopted this style over generations and independently. Also it makes it easier to understand how strong my culture is and they never gave up but keep searching to find a style of art that matched their culture. Colombian art comes in many styles for insistence impressionism, expressionism and cubism, all of these styles meet the artist and challenged them to latter part the century and develop a unique Colombian style. Colombian art now is recognized as universal and very appealing.